The most complete excavator operation safety guidelines in history

In recent years, my country has vigorously promoted urbanization construction, and the construction engineering industry has developed rapidly. The demand for construction machinery is increasing day by day. Various manufacturers have made efforts to grab this big cake. Among them, excavators are indispensable in the use of construction machinery. Power, the driver's needs are also on the rise, and at the same time this extensive development has also buried a lot of hidden dangers. The entry threshold for excavator drivers is extremely low, and there is a lack of systematic management. As a qualified driver, safety principles should always be put in the first place at work. As far as the whole country is concerned, most operators do not strictly After safety training, there are many "unlicensed drivers". Even if you have been to a driver training school, it is to get a license to "see the flowers", and it is more that the driver summarizes and comprehends his own work experience. As the saying goes, "When you walk by the river, how can you not get wet shoes", sometimes you lose more than just some repair costs, so how to drive safely? The following is a reference for the crawler hydraulic excavator.

Four must-see guidelines for excavator operation

First, make sure that the driver is in good health before work, and there is no prohibited behavior such as drinking or taking drugs, and no discomfort such as dizziness and excessive fatigue that affect driving. Please fasten your seat belt when operating the aircraft.

Second, check the performance status of the excavator to ensure that the machine can work normally, and observe the machine status at any time during operation, such as (water temperature, hydraulic oil temperature, etc.), stop in time when problems are found, keep calm, and deal with it calmly.

Third, judge whether the working condition is an operating condition that you are competent for. Individual drivers are too confident in their own driving skills, and panic when they encounter uncontrollable dangerous situations. Therefore, don't put the excavator and yourself in a dangerous situation because of your performance. Another situation is the excavation operation under special working conditions, such as high-voltage cables, important optical cables, oil and gas pipelines, etc. in the operation range. Do not dig blindly, do not get emotional about the work, you should be calm and keep a high degree of concentration, and listen to the scene. Under the command of the personnel, the construction should be carried out according to certain methods and steps, and be responsible for themselves and others.

Fourth, the functions of mobile phones are becoming more and more abundant, and the frequency of use is also increasing. Many drivers like to make calls, listen to music, and even chat on QQ or WeChat at work. There are phenomena of listening to the radio, smoking, and eating snacks while operating. These operating habits are irresponsible. If it is really necessary, it can be stopped for a few minutes to avoid such a "time bomb" that endangers operational safety.

How to park the excavator in the safest way

The parking of the excavator should comply with certain parking standards. When the excavator is not operated, it is necessary to observe the surrounding environment to see if there are high-voltage wires, houses, trees and other obstacles that may cause danger. After removing the excavator, park the excavator in a relatively On flat, solid ground, and as far away from the safety hazards of irresistible natural elements as possible, and adjust to the terrain. For example, in a mountainous area, it should not be parked in a place prone to landslides to prevent the machine from being injured by falling rocks or buried by soil; in a river or soft ground, it is easy to cause collapse, rollover and other phenomena. If it is parked on a narrow mountain road, the machine will be high on one side and low on the other side, so it should be placed with the bucket facing low; when one side is leaning against the mountain and the other side is leaning against the cliff, the bucket should be placed on the side with the back against the mountain, so that the bucket acts as a support. .

How do excavators work safely

(1) The excavator should work on a level surface as much as possible

When I was a beginner, my master told me about this. It’s like playing Tai Chi. Your horse’s gait is unstable. How can you play naturally and smoothly? If the machine is parked unstable, it will directly affect the driver's operating experience and increase the difficulty of the operation. When turning, it will also increase the load of the machine engine and reduce the service life. Especially when the bucket is fully loaded and turned, the machine shakes violently, and even the driver cannot control the machine due to inertia, resulting in an accident.

(2) Safe walking of excavators

Sometimes due to work needs, tools or sundries are often temporarily placed at the position of the walking pedal, which is not allowed according to the requirements. When working on steep slopes, these objects may slide to the top of the walking pedals due to the inclination of the excavator, resulting in misoperation. The solution is to clean up these objects in time, or place them in a place that does not affect the safety of the operation.

When the excavator is walking, the front should be leveled and the degree of soil softness and hardness should be determined. If you cannot walk, you must not walk blindly. In this case, you can only walk in the "turtle" gear, which can better observe the degree of subsidence and make timely decisions. Adjust to reduce risk. When working on steep slopes or at high places, a reasonable route should be selected. When turning is required during operation, the speed should be slowed down, and two walking devices should be used at the same time to avoid the excavator from rolling over due to large movement. On steep slopes, the direction of the bucket should be consistent with the direction of travel, especially when the machine working on the sand and gravel in the mountains is easy to slide, and the bucket also acts as a "brake". The author has seen such a case: At that time, when the machine was building a road on a mountain, it needed to retreat when encountering a steep slope. The driver did not place the bucket in the rear. Unexpectedly, the soil on the side of the pad under the rear track was loose, causing the rollover to be more than the loss.

If the working surface has too much soil or is prone to subsidence, first insert the bucket into the soil to prop up the machine, and judge the softness and hardness of the soil in front of it by the depth of the subsidence of the bucket. Hard soil or stones should be compacted, and some wooden boards or steel plates can be used for padding. If you are working in water, you need to observe the changes of the water surface at any time to ensure the "draft" depth of the machine (usually the position of the carrier wheel is Standard) to ensure that the machine circuit system is not short-circuited due to water ingress.

(3) Operating habits are also very important

When excavating, each action should be gently retracted, the excavation scale should not be too deep, the bucket should not be lifted too violently, and the full-load rotation should not be blindly fast, especially when excavating rocks and lifting objects, a certain distance should be maintained. , control a certain turning radius and keep the fuselage balance; when the bucket falls back, be careful not to dig into the crawler. In this way, mechanical damage or safety accidents caused by improper operation can be effectively avoided.

(4) Protection and preparation work under special working conditions

When working in a special environment, some necessary preparations should be done. For example, in common night operations, the lighting equipment should be kept in good condition and the light is sufficient; in rainy days, ensure that the wipers work normally. When a large number of crushing operations or mining operations are performed, the front windshield should be equipped with a protective net.

(5) Precautions when getting on and off the trailer

In addition, accidents often occur when getting on and off the trailer. Here I will tell you my operating experience: the flatbed truck for small digging is relatively high. When getting on the truck, raise the bulldozer to the highest point, drive it to the rear of the flatbed truck and keep it 20 cm. distance, and try to keep the two on the same straight line at any time. The bucket is placed flat in the middle of the flatbed and the fuselage is supported. At the same time, the forearm is retracted and the forward action is operated. At this time, the front of the track has been placed on the flatbed. The driver controls the inertial effect generated by himself, lifts the bucket in the direction of rotation and lays it in a suitable position at the rear. It can be placed slightly to the left, which is convenient to observe the distance between the crawler and the trolley when backing up, and support the bucket, crawler and flatbed. The carriage is parallel, and at the same time, the forearm is extended and the track is controlled to move forward, keeping the direction of travel not deviating from the reserved position, and the rest is to retract the bucket and place it smoothly.

(6) Ensure that no personnel stay within the scope of work

No vehicles or other personnel are allowed to stay within the construction area of the excavator. When carrying out cooperative operations, if there are other commanders, they should also stand outside the turning radius of the excavator, and sound the whistle in time to warn not to get too close to the machine. The larger the mechanical blind area is, the larger the blind area is, and the operation should be suspended when necessary to avoid construction accidents. When loading, it is necessary to wait for the vehicle to stop and stabilize, and then perform operations such as loading and unloading. When loading, keep a certain distance from the loading vehicle, lower the bucket as much as possible, and avoid swiping directly over the head of the cab when turning to damage the vehicle or injure people.

There are various working surfaces of excavators, and the working environment is also very different. The above situation is only an overview, and cannot list every working situation. How to achieve safe driving and reduce the occurrence of safety accidents also needs to be carefully understood. At work, we should not only improve our driving skills, but also strengthen safety awareness and prevent safety accidents.